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Adult Autism

Autistic Adults and Healthcare: Barriers and What Helps

Autistic adults face measurable barriers to healthcare — and preventable early mortality. Knowing the barriers is the first step to changing them.

Research supported·8 min read·Last reviewed 07/13/2026·Autism Lifeline Editorial

Healthcare Access for Autistic Adults

A landmark Swedish population study found autistic adults die on average 16 years earlier than the general population, with the gap widening for autistic adults with co-occurring intellectual disability (Hirvikoski et al., 2016).

Documented barriers

  • Sensory-hostile clinic environments.
  • Interoception differences that make symptom description harder (Nicolaidis et al., 2015).
  • Clinicians untrained in autism who interpret masking as coping.
  • Diagnostic overshadowing — new symptoms attributed to autism rather than investigated.

What the AASPIRE toolkit recommends

The AASPIRE Healthcare Toolkit, co-developed by autistic adults and clinicians, offers a free Autism Healthcare Accommodations Report a patient can bring to appointments (Nicolaidis et al., 2016).

Practical steps

  • Bring a written symptom timeline.
  • Ask for the first or last appointment of the day.
  • Request written aftercare instructions.
  • Bring a support person if helpful.

Sources

  1. Hirvikoski, T., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E., Boman, M., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., & Bölte, S. (2016). Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 232-238. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160192
  2. Nicolaidis, C., et al. (2015). "Respect the way I need to communicate with you": Healthcare experiences of adults on the autism spectrum. Autism, 19(7), 824-831. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315576221
  3. Nicolaidis, C., Raymaker, D., McDonald, K., et al. (2019). The AASPIRE practice-based guidelines. Autism, 23(8), 2007-2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361319830523
  4. AASPIRE Healthcare Toolkit. https://autismandhealth.org

Sources & further reading

  • Hirvikoski et al. (2016) Br J Psychiatry 208(3):232-238 https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160192
  • Nicolaidis et al. (2015) Autism 19(7):824-831 https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315576221
  • Nicolaidis et al. (2019) Autism 23(8):2007-2019 https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361319830523
  • AASPIRE Healthcare Toolkit https://autismandhealth.org

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